Southeast Asia: News, Culture, Voices
The Jakarta Bombings: What’s Next for Indonesia?
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This week, I spoke on WBAI’s Asia Pacific Forum about the recent attacks on the Marriot Hotel and the Ritz-Carlton in south Jakarta and what the country faces in the days ahead.
(Photo source: washingtonpost.com)
Listen to the segment below:
Asia Pacific Forum, WBAI 99.5fm, July 21, 2009, New York City. Hosts: Leyla Mei and Irene Tung.
On the morning of the bombings, I received an email from a friend in the city. “I’m so angry,” he said. “We’ve been working so hard to make things better for our country.” It’s a sentiment of frustration that I think is shared by many in the country. But questions linger: Who is responsible? Will the violence of the recent past return? How will the country’s neighbors – the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore – react?
A new briefing, released by the International Crisis Group today, concludes that after last week’s bombings “The easiest step and the most unwise would be to turn the anti-terrorism law into an internal security act that allowed for lengthy preventive detention.”
The ICG has long pressed the government on one item in particular: prison reform. Without it, the country’s deradicalization program – which so far has received praise for its work – could be undermined. When I spoke with Sydney Jones, project director of the Southeast Asia region, in her Jakarta office last year, she emphasized this point.
Indonesian media and the Wall Street Journal have identified one of the suspects of the recent bombings as a graduate of the Al-Mukmin school in Central Java. (The school responded to the Jakarta Globe here.) I visited the school last October and spoke with the leader, Ustadz Wayhuddin. I filed a report for World Politics Review in November 2008. Also, you can see a blog post and listen to a radio report from February here.
Women Reps Gain in Indonesia’s House
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A record high 18 percent of Indonesia’s new Parliament seats will be filled by women. That’s according to the latest counts by the Centre for Electoral Reform. The Center reports that 88 seats have been filled by women reps so far from the April 9 elections. It expects that number to rise as the full tally becomes available.
A woman casts her vote during the April elections. (Photo: Yan Arief, flickr.com / Creative Commons)
One of those who is expected to win her seat is Rieke Diah Pitaloka. She told The Jakarta Post that, despite the gains, women will still face challenges in their new positions.
“Quantity is not always in line with quality. If these female candidates still carry with them a sense of inferiority in the face of the existing macho paradigm, then the record breaking percentage will not mean anything,” said Rieke.
The Inter Press Service also reports that, although the rise in women representation was unexpected, it may not necessarily mean a more active pursuit of women’s issues.
Still, nearly half of Indonesia’s 171 million voters are women and they have long been underrepresented in federal government. (The highest number of women seated in the House before now was just 65 seats, or 13 percent, during the 1987-1992 period.) In the latest election, 35 percent of the candidates were women, and advocates have long fought for a quota of 30 percent female representatives in the House to better reflect the country’s population. But efforts have hit stiff resistance from conservative parties.
Last fall, I sat down with a group of women in Jakarta to discuss issues that women face in the country. They were Catholic, Muslim and Christian; mothers and wives; government workers and journalists and writers. Check out a short clip of the video-in-progress below. (Subtitles coming soon!)
Obama Marks New Direction in US Relations with Islam
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Barack Obama, seated at far right, during his stay in Jakarta. His Indonesian stepfather, Lolo Soetoro, is seated far left.
President Barack Obama wrapped up his visit to Europe with a stop in Istanbul and a speech in which he appealed directly to Muslims worldwide to forge a new relationship with the U.S. With American forces still occupying Iraq and set to vastly increase their presence in Afghanistan, the response from the Islamic community has been mixed.
The United States is not, and will never be, at war with Islam. In fact, our partnership with the Muslim world is critical not just in rolling back the violent ideologies that people of all faiths reject, but also to strengthen opportunity for all its people. -Obama, 4/6/2009
In Southeast Asia, however, the US faces a range of policy issues.
Indonesia’s president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says that Obama will visit Jakarta later this year. Evidently, at a breakfast meeting at the recent G-20 meeting, Obama used the Bahasa word capek to ask if Yudhoyono was tired – a gesture that caused the Indonesian president to fondly recall Obama’s time in Indonesia as a child.
When Obama visits Indonesia later this year, he will face a delicate counter-terrorism program and a country struggling with the global economic downturn. And, although many Indonesians praise Obama’s recent efforts, they are still wary of eight years of a largely unpopular Bush-era policy towards Muslims. (On election day last year, I traveled through Central Java and spoke with Indonesians about Obama – you can check out the story here.)
I also want to be clear that America’s relationship with the Muslim community, the Muslim world, cannot, and will not, just be based upon opposition to terrorism. We seek broader engagement based on mutual interest and mutual respect. -Obama, 4/6/2009
In Southern Thailand, a conflict between Muslim separatist forces and the central government has claimed more than three-thousand civilian lives over the last few years. When Obama was sworn in as president the Thai Indian community highlighted his remarks about the Muslim community.
But Obama’s efforts to reach out to countries in the region has drawn some criticism. In a Februrary 6th op-ed article, The Bangkok Post called for a more direct engagement with the new administration.
“Many in Thailand, which has 175 years of rock-solid support and harmony with the US, feel the new leadership in Washington is turning its back on an old friend. Singaporeans and Filipinos have said much the same. The new administration maintains it truly wants to focus on our region. It is important to include wary countries like Indonesia in the dialogue. But it is vital not to ignore old and trusted friends.”
And in the Philippines, many say the continuing US military aid to the country’s armed forces is making a decades-old conflict in Mindanao worse.
In the on-line weekly, Bulatlat, Bayan secretary general Renato M. Reyes, Jr. makes the connection between human rights abuses under the Arroyo administration and continuing support from the U.S.
“It behooves the Obama administration to reexamine its military aid to the abusive and corrupt Arroyo administration. Obama can do the right thing and cut aid to Arroyo now.”
Obama faces a range of complicated issues in Southeast Asia, but in the end, it may be his personal claim that edges him closer to a true reconciliation with Islam.
We will listen carefully, we will bridge misunderstandings, and we will seek common ground. We will be respectful, even when we do not agree. We will convey our deep appreciation for the Islamic faith, which has done so much over the centuries to shape the world — including in my own country. The United States has been enriched by Muslim Americans. Many other Americans have Muslims in their families or have lived in a Muslim-majority country — I know, because I am one of them. -Obama, 4/6/2009
Read the full text of Obama’s speech delivered to the Turkish Parliament on April 6, 2009 here.
Radio Reports: Indonesia and Clinton’s Visit
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Public Radio International’s The World, Feb 18, 2009:
After the bombings in Bali that killed more than 200 people, the Indonesian government cracked down hard on Islamic militants. It also developed a program to de-radicalize militants in prison. As Dorian Merina reports, officials are hoping to expand it to the country’s religious boarding schools.
Free Speech Radio News, Feb 18, 2009:
Anti-American protesters in Jakarta demonstrated against Secretary of State Hilary Clinton’s visits to Indonesia today – part of her East Asian tour this week. Clinton met with her counterpart, Hassan Wirajuda, and talked about constructing a wide-ranging alliance with the Muslim-majority nation. Clinton’s visit is being touted as a new step in the U.S.’s relationship with Indonesia: during the Bush administration’s so-called “war on terror”, the nation’s Islamic schools were often characterized as the breeding grounds of terrorism and violence.
But most schools and institutions provide an important place of education for the country’s poor and rural communities, while offering an ideological challenge to fundamentalist groups. FSRN’S Dorian Merina takes us to West Java, where a group of scholars and educators are promoting a progressive agenda of religious pluralism and gender equality – all within the schools themselves.
Ustadz Wahyuddin, current director of the Pondok Ngruki school in Central Java.
Conflict in Gaza Angers Indonesians
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When I visited with religious leaders in Indonesia last November, many of them – even those from the most remote villages – spoke at length about the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Although the leaders had diverse interpretations of Islam, there was one point nearly all of them agreed on: the occupation of Palestine and the embargo on the territories was an affront to Muslims everywhere – and the U.S. support for Israel was always cited as a sore point.
Now, as the current incursion into Gaza stretches into its second week, Indonesians are expressing their outrage.
Indonesian boys at a rally in Jakarta earlier this week. Tarko Sudiarno / JP
The conservative Islamic groups, including the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), have called for Indonesia to send jihadists to Gaza to support the population there. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has resisted the call while condemning the attacks and pushing for humanitarian aid instead. He’s called the current conflict a territorial issue in an attempt to de-emphasize the religious aspect of the violence.
In West Java, hundreds of Muslim students rallied outside a McDonald’s, promising to boycott American products unless the Indonesian government sends humanitarian assistance immediately.
And in the port city of Surabaya, protestors sealed off a Jewish synagogue and hundreds more rallied in front of the U.S. embassy.
“If Israel doesn’t stop its attacks on the Palestinian people immediately, we will conduct raids on sympathizers, supporters and Israeli agents in the province,” a rally organizer warned.
Indonesians are also looking to Obama to speak out on the issue. There are some indications that his silence is straining the close bond that many Indonesians feel for the president-elect. See an opinion piece by Bramantyo Prijosusilo here in which he makes the case for Obama to come up with a concrete peace plan for the region soon.
